Proc. of ANG with yields of 40 mg of purified enzyme per liter of culture. Both wild-type ANG and its G85R/G86R variant migrated as a single band during zymogram electrophoresis (Figure S1 in Supporting Information), indicating that these enzymes are free from contaminating ribonucleolytic activity (21). The (Figure 2D). Although G85R/G86R ANG induced angiogenesis more effectively than did the wild-type enzyme, the cystosolic concentration of RI (4 M (19)) greatly exceeds the value of em K /em d for the RIG85R/G86R ANG complex (5 nM; Table 1). We suspect, therefore, that substitutions endowing additional RI evasion could enhance angiogenic activity even further. Finally, we note that our finding could have medicinal implications. The promotion of neovascularization has the potential to alleviate coronary artery disease and promote wound healing (27, 28). Such regenerative therapies could employ VEGF and bFGF, as well as a hyperangiogenic protein such as G85R/G86R ANG. Recently, however, a unique medicinal role for ANG has become apparent. Loss-of-function mutations in the angiogenin gene have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder (29-31). Hyperangiogenic variants of ANG or small-molecule antagonists (32) of the RI-ANG interaction could serve as the basis of a chemotherapeutic regimen for such patients. Supplementary Material 1_si_001Click here to view.(325K, pdf) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is dedicated to Professor Bert L. Vallee, who discovered angiogenin (1), on the occasion of his 90th birthday. We are grateful to Drs. R. J. Johnson and J. E. Lee for contributive discussions. Abbreviations ANGhuman angiogeninbFGFbasic fibroblast growth factorBS-RNasebovine seminal ribonucleaseCAMchorioallantoic membraneNLSnuclear localization sequenceONCOnconase? (a registered trademark of Alfacell, Inc.)PDBProtein Data BankRIribonuclease inhibitor proteinRNase Abovine pancreatic ribonucleaseRNase 1human pancreatic ribonucleaseVEGFvascular endothelial growth factor Footnotes ?This work was supported in part by Grants CA073808 (NIH) and M10749000231-08N4900-23110 (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation). K.A.D. was supported by the Louis and Elsa Thomsen Wisconsin Distinguished Fellowship Award from the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. P.A.L. was supported by Molecular Biosciences Training Grant GM007215 (NIH). REFERENCES 1. Fett JW, Strydom DJ, Lobb RR, Alderman EM, Bethune JL, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Isolation and characterization of angiogenin, an angiogenic protein from human carcinoma cells. Biochemistry. 1985;24:5480C5486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Olson KA, Byers HR, Key ME, Fett JW. Prevention of human prostate tumor metastasis in athymic mice by antisense targeting of human angiogenin. Clin. Cancer Res. 2001;7:3598C3605. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Olson KA, Byers HR, Key ME, Fett JW. Inhibition of prostate carcinoma establishment and metastatic growth in mice by an antiangiogenin monoclonal antibody. Int. J. Cancer. 2002;98:923C929. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 4. Raines RT. Ribonuclease A. Chem. Rev. 1998;98:1045C1065. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Pizzo E, DAlessio G. The success of the RNase scaffold in the advance of biosciences and in evolution. Gene. 2007;406:8C12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6. Marshall GR, Feng JA, Kuster DJ. Back to the future: Ribonuclease A. Biopolymers. 2008;90:259C277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Bl?ser J, Triebel S, Kopp C, Tschesche H. A highly sensitive immunoenzymometric assay for the determination of angiogenin. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1993;31:513C516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 8. Moenner M, Gusse M, Hatzi E, Badet J. The widespread expression of angiogenin in different human cells suggests a biological function not only related to angiogenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994;226:483C490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9. Hu GF, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. A putative angiogenin receptor in angiogenin-responsive human endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997;94:2204C2209. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 10. Moroianu J, Riordan JF. Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in proliferating endothelial cells is essential to its angiogenic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994;91:1677C1681. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Shapiro R, Fox EA, Riordan JF. Role of lysines in human angiogenin: Chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 1989;28:1726C1732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 12. Xu ZP, Tsuji T, Riordan JF, Hu GF. The nuclear function of angiogenin in endothelial cells is related to rRNA production. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002;294:287C292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13. Jimi S, Ito K, Kohno K, Ono M, Kuwano M, Itagaki Y, Ishikawa H. Modulation by bovine angiogenin of tubular morphogenesis and expression of plasminogen activator in bovine endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995;211:476C483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14. Hu G, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Angiogenin promotes invasiveness of cultured endothelial cells by stimulation of cell-associated proteolytic activities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994;91:12096C12100. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 15. Dickson KA, Haigis MC, Raines RT. Ribonuclease inhibitor: Structure and function. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 2005;80:349C374. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 16. Papageorgiou A, Shapiro R, Acharya K. Molecular recognition of.Acad. by wild-type ANG. These findings provide the first direct evidence that RI serves to regulate the biological activity of ANG with yields of 40 mg of purified enzyme per Alendronate sodium hydrate liter of culture. Both wild-type ANG and its G85R/G86R variant migrated as a single band during zymogram electrophoresis (Figure S1 in Supporting Information), indicating that these enzymes are free from contaminating ribonucleolytic activity (21). The (Figure 2D). Although G85R/G86R ANG induced angiogenesis more effectively than did the wild-type enzyme, the cystosolic concentration of RI (4 M (19)) greatly exceeds the value of em K /em d for the RIG85R/G86R ANG complex (5 nM; Table 1). We suspect, consequently, that substitutions endowing additional RI evasion could enhance angiogenic activity even further. Finally, we note that our getting could have medicinal implications. The promotion of neovascularization has the potential to alleviate coronary artery disease and promote wound healing (27, 28). Such regenerative therapies could use VEGF and bFGF, as well as a hyperangiogenic protein such as G85R/G86R ANG. Recently, however, a unique medicinal part for ANG has become apparent. Loss-of-function mutations in the angiogenin gene have been found in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder (29-31). Hyperangiogenic variants of ANG or small-molecule antagonists (32) of the RI-ANG connection could serve as the basis of a chemotherapeutic routine for such individuals. Supplementary Material 1_si_001Click here to view.(325K, pdf) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is dedicated to Professor Bert L. Vallee, who found out angiogenin (1), within the occasion of his 90th birthday. We are thankful to Drs. R. J. Johnson and J. E. Lee for contributive discussions. Abbreviations ANGhuman angiogeninbFGFbasic fibroblast growth factorBS-RNasebovine seminal ribonucleaseCAMchorioallantoic membraneNLSnuclear localization sequenceONCOnconase? (a authorized trademark of Alfacell, Inc.)PDBProtein Data BankRIribonuclease inhibitor proteinRNase Abovine pancreatic ribonucleaseRNase 1human pancreatic ribonucleaseVEGFvascular endothelial growth element Footnotes ?This work was supported in part by Grants CA073808 (NIH) and M10749000231-08N4900-23110 (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation). K.A.D. was supported from the Louis and Elsa Thomsen Wisconsin Distinguished Fellowship Honor from the College of Agricultural and Existence Sciences in the University or college of Wisconsin-Madison. P.A.L. was supported by Molecular Biosciences Teaching Give GM007215 (NIH). Referrals 1. Fett JW, Strydom DJ, Lobb RR, Alderman EM, Bethune JL, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Isolation and characterization of angiogenin, an angiogenic protein from human being carcinoma cells. Biochemistry. 1985;24:5480C5486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Olson KA, Byers HR, Important ME, Fett JW. Prevention of human being prostate tumor metastasis in athymic mice by antisense focusing on of human being angiogenin. Clin. Malignancy Res. 2001;7:3598C3605. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Olson KA, Byers HR, Important ME, Fett JW. Inhibition of prostate carcinoma establishment and metastatic growth in mice by an antiangiogenin monoclonal antibody. Int. J. Malignancy. 2002;98:923C929. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 4. Raines RT. Ribonuclease A. Chem. Rev. 1998;98:1045C1065. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Pizzo E, DAlessio G. The success of the RNase scaffold in the advance of biosciences and in development. Gene. 2007;406:8C12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6. Marshall GR, Feng JA, Kuster DJ. Back to the future: Ribonuclease A. Biopolymers. 2008;90:259C277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Bl?ser J, Triebel Alendronate sodium hydrate S, Kopp C, Tschesche H. A highly sensitive immunoenzymometric assay for the dedication of angiogenin. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1993;31:513C516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 8. Moenner M, Gusse M, Hatzi E, Badet J. The common manifestation of angiogenin in different human being cells suggests a biological function not only related to angiogenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994;226:483C490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9. Hu GF, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. A putative angiogenin receptor in angiogenin-responsive human being endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997;94:2204C2209. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 10. Moroianu J, Riordan JF. Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in proliferating endothelial cells is essential to its angiogenic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994;91:1677C1681. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Shapiro R, Fox EA, Riordan JF. Part of lysines in human being angiogenin: Chemical changes and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 1989;28:1726C1732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 12. Xu ZP, Tsuji T, Riordan JF, Hu GF. The nuclear function of angiogenin in endothelial cells is related to rRNA production. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002;294:287C292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13. Jimi S, Ito K, Kohno K, Ono M, Kuwano M, Itagaki Y, Ishikawa H. Modulation by.Biophys. RI (4 M (19)) greatly exceeds the value of em K /em d for the RIG85R/G86R ANG complex (5 nM; Table 1). We suspect, consequently, that substitutions endowing additional RI evasion could enhance angiogenic activity even further. Finally, we note that our getting could have medicinal implications. The promotion of neovascularization has the potential to alleviate coronary artery disease and promote wound healing (27, 28). Such regenerative therapies could use VEGF and bFGF, as well as a hyperangiogenic protein such as G85R/G86R ANG. Recently, however, a unique medicinal part for ANG has become apparent. Loss-of-function mutations in the angiogenin gene have been found in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder (29-31). Hyperangiogenic variants of ANG or small-molecule antagonists (32) of the RI-ANG connection could serve as the basis of a chemotherapeutic routine for such individuals. Supplementary Material 1_si_001Click here to view.(325K, pdf) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is dedicated to Professor Bert L. Vallee, who found out angiogenin (1), within the occasion of his 90th birthday. We are thankful to Drs. R. J. Johnson and J. E. Lee for contributive discussions. Abbreviations ANGhuman angiogeninbFGFbasic fibroblast growth factorBS-RNasebovine seminal ribonucleaseCAMchorioallantoic membraneNLSnuclear localization sequenceONCOnconase? (a authorized trademark of Alfacell, Inc.)PDBProtein Data BankRIribonuclease inhibitor proteinRNase Abovine pancreatic ribonucleaseRNase 1human pancreatic ribonucleaseVEGFvascular endothelial growth element Footnotes ?This work was supported in part by Grants CA073808 (NIH) and M10749000231-08N4900-23110 (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation). K.A.D. was supported from the Louis and Elsa Thomsen Wisconsin Distinguished Fellowship Honor from the College of Agricultural and Existence Sciences in the University or college of Wisconsin-Madison. P.A.L. was supported by Molecular Biosciences Training Grant GM007215 (NIH). Recommendations 1. Fett JW, Strydom DJ, Lobb RR, Alderman EM, Bethune JL, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Isolation and characterization of angiogenin, an angiogenic protein from human carcinoma cells. Biochemistry. 1985;24:5480C5486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Olson KA, Byers HR, Important ME, Fett JW. Prevention of human prostate tumor metastasis in athymic mice by antisense targeting of human angiogenin. Clin. Malignancy Res. 2001;7:3598C3605. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Olson KA, Byers HR, Important ME, Fett JW. Inhibition of prostate carcinoma establishment and metastatic growth in mice by an antiangiogenin monoclonal antibody. Int. J. Malignancy. 2002;98:923C929. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 4. Raines RT. Ribonuclease A. Chem. Rev. 1998;98:1045C1065. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Pizzo E, DAlessio G. The success of the RNase scaffold in the advance of biosciences and in development. Gene. 2007;406:8C12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6. Marshall GR, Feng JA, Kuster DJ. Back to the future: Ribonuclease A. Biopolymers. 2008;90:259C277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Bl?ser J, Triebel S, Kopp C, Tschesche H. A highly sensitive immunoenzymometric assay for the determination of angiogenin. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1993;31:513C516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 8. Moenner M, Gusse M, Hatzi E, Badet J. The common expression of angiogenin in different human cells suggests a biological function not only related to angiogenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994;226:483C490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9. Hu GF, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. A putative angiogenin receptor in angiogenin-responsive human endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997;94:2204C2209. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 10. Moroianu J, Riordan JF. Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in proliferating endothelial cells is essential to its angiogenic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994;91:1677C1681. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Shapiro R, Fox EA, Riordan JF. Role of lysines in human angiogenin: Chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 1989;28:1726C1732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 12. Xu ZP, Tsuji T, Riordan JF, Hu GF. The nuclear function of angiogenin in endothelial cells is related to rRNA production. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002;294:287C292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13. Jimi S, Ito K, Kohno K, Ono M, Kuwano M, Itagaki Y, Ishikawa H. Modulation by bovine angiogenin of tubular morphogenesis and expression of plasminogen activator in bovine endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995;211:476C483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14. Hu G, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Angiogenin promotes invasiveness of cultured endothelial cells by activation of cell-associated proteolytic activities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994;91:12096C12100. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 15. Dickson KA, Haigis MC, Raines RT. Ribonuclease inhibitor: Structure and function. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 2005;80:349C374. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 16. Papageorgiou A, Shapiro R, Acharya K. Molecular acknowledgement of human angiogenin by placental ribonuclease inhibitoran X-ray crystallographic study at 2.0 ? resolution. EMBO J. 1997;16:5162C5177. [PMC free.The neovascularization of rabbit corneas by G85R/G86R ANG was more pronounced and more rapid than by wild-type ANG. indicating that these enzymes are free from contaminating ribonucleolytic activity (21). The (Physique 2D). Although G85R/G86R ANG induced angiogenesis more effectively than did the wild-type enzyme, the cystosolic concentration of RI (4 M (19)) greatly exceeds the value of em K /em d for the RIG85R/G86R ANG complex (5 nM; Table 1). We suspect, therefore, that substitutions endowing additional RI evasion could enhance angiogenic activity even further. Finally, we note that our obtaining could have medicinal implications. The promotion of neovascularization has the potential to alleviate coronary artery disease and promote wound healing (27, 28). Such regenerative therapies could employ VEGF and bFGF, as well as a hyperangiogenic protein such as G85R/G86R ANG. Recently, however, a unique medicinal role for ANG has become apparent. Loss-of-function mutations in the angiogenin gene have been found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder (29-31). Hyperangiogenic variants of ANG or small-molecule Alendronate sodium hydrate antagonists (32) of the RI-ANG conversation could serve as the basis of a chemotherapeutic regimen for such patients. Supplementary Material 1_si_001Click here to view.(325K, pdf) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is dedicated to Professor Bert L. Vallee, who discovered angiogenin (1), around the occasion of his 90th birthday. We are grateful to Drs. R. J. Johnson and J. E. Lee for contributive discussions. Abbreviations ANGhuman angiogeninbFGFbasic fibroblast growth factorBS-RNasebovine seminal ribonucleaseCAMchorioallantoic membraneNLSnuclear localization sequenceONCOnconase? (a registered trademark of Alfacell, Inc.)PDBProtein Data BankRIribonuclease inhibitor proteinRNase Abovine pancreatic ribonucleaseRNase 1human pancreatic ribonucleaseVEGFvascular endothelial growth factor Footnotes ?This work was supported in part by Grants CA073808 (NIH) and M10749000231-08N4900-23110 (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation). K.A.D. was supported by the Louis and Elsa Thomsen Wisconsin Distinguished Fellowship Award from the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University or college of Wisconsin-Madison. P.A.L. was supported by Molecular Biosciences Training Grant GM007215 (NIH). Recommendations 1. Fett JW, Strydom DJ, Lobb RR, Alderman EM, Bethune JL, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Isolation and characterization of angiogenin, an angiogenic protein from human carcinoma cells. Biochemistry. 1985;24:5480C5486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Olson KA, Byers HR, Important ME, Fett JW. Prevention of human prostate tumor metastasis in athymic mice by antisense targeting of human angiogenin. Clin. Malignancy Res. 2001;7:3598C3605. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Olson KA, Byers HR, Important ME, Fett JW. Inhibition of prostate carcinoma establishment and metastatic growth in mice by an Alendronate sodium hydrate antiangiogenin monoclonal antibody. Int. J. Malignancy. 2002;98:923C929. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 4. Raines RT. Ribonuclease A. Chem. Rev. 1998;98:1045C1065. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Pizzo E, DAlessio G. The success of the RNase scaffold in the advance of biosciences and in development. Gene. 2007;406:8C12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6. Marshall GR, Feng JA, Kuster DJ. Back to the future: Ribonuclease A. Biopolymers. 2008;90:259C277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Bl?ser J, Triebel S, Kopp C, Tschesche H. A highly sensitive immunoenzymometric assay for the determination of angiogenin. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1993;31:513C516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 8. Moenner M, Gusse M, Hatzi E, Badet J. The common expression of angiogenin in different human cells suggests a biological function not only related to angiogenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994;226:483C490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9. Hu GF, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. A putative angiogenin receptor in angiogenin-responsive human endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997;94:2204C2209. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 10. Moroianu J, Riordan JF. Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in proliferating endothelial cells is essential to its angiogenic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994;91:1677C1681. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Shapiro R, Fox EA, Riordan JF. Role of lysines in human angiogenin: Chemical modification and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 1989;28:1726C1732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 12. Xu ZP, Tsuji T, Riordan JF, Hu GF. The nuclear function of angiogenin in endothelial cells is related to rRNA production. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002;294:287C292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13. Jimi S, Ito K, Kohno K, Ono M, Kuwano M, Itagaki Y, Ishikawa H. Modulation by bovine angiogenin of tubular morphogenesis and expression of plasminogen activator in bovine endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995;211:476C483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14. Hu G, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Angiogenin promotes invasiveness of cultured endothelial cells by.Commun. for the RIG85R/G86R ANG complex (5 nM; Table 1). We suspect, therefore, that substitutions endowing additional RI evasion could enhance angiogenic activity even more. Finally, we remember that our acquiring could have therapeutic implications. The advertising of neovascularization gets the potential to ease coronary artery disease and promote wound curing (27, 28). Such regenerative therapies could make use of VEGF and bFGF, and a hyperangiogenic proteins such as for example G85R/G86R ANG. Lately, however, a distinctive medicinal function for ANG is becoming obvious. Loss-of-function mutations in the angiogenin gene have already been found in sufferers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neurodegenerative disorder (29-31). Hyperangiogenic variations of ANG or small-molecule antagonists (32) from the RI-ANG relationship could provide as the foundation of the chemotherapeutic program for such sufferers. Supplementary Materials 1_si_001Click here to see.(325K, pdf) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is focused on Teacher Bert L. Vallee, who uncovered angiogenin (1), in the event of his 90th birthday. We are pleased to Drs. R. J. Johnson and J. E. Lee for contributive conversations. Abbreviations ANGhuman angiogeninbFGFbasic fibroblast development factorBS-RNasebovine seminal ribonucleaseCAMchorioallantoic membraneNLSnuclear localization sequenceONCOnconase? (a signed up brand of Alfacell, Inc.)PDBProtein Data BankRIribonuclease inhibitor proteinRNase Abovine pancreatic ribonucleaseRNase 1human pancreatic ribonucleaseVEGFvascular endothelial development aspect Footnotes ?This work was supported partly by Grants CA073808 RGS7 (NIH) and M10749000231-08N4900-23110 (Korea Science and Engineering Foundation). K.A.D. was backed with the Louis and Elsa Thomsen Wisconsin Distinguished Fellowship Prize from the faculty of Agricultural and Lifestyle Sciences on the College or university of Wisconsin-Madison. P.A.L. was backed by Molecular Biosciences Schooling Offer GM007215 (NIH). Sources 1. Fett JW, Strydom DJ, Lobb RR, Alderman EM, Bethune JL, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Isolation and characterization of angiogenin, an angiogenic proteins from individual carcinoma cells. Biochemistry. 1985;24:5480C5486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 2. Olson KA, Byers HR, Crucial Me personally, Fett JW. Avoidance of individual prostate tumor metastasis in athymic mice by antisense concentrating on of individual angiogenin. Clin. Tumor Res. 2001;7:3598C3605. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 3. Olson KA, Byers HR, Crucial Me personally, Fett JW. Inhibition of prostate carcinoma establishment and metastatic development in mice by an antiangiogenin monoclonal antibody. Int. J. Tumor. 2002;98:923C929. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 4. Raines RT. Ribonuclease A. Chem. Rev. 1998;98:1045C1065. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 5. Pizzo E, DAlessio G. The achievement of the RNase scaffold in the progress of biosciences and in advancement. Gene. 2007;406:8C12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 6. Marshall GR, Feng JA, Kuster DJ. Back again to the near future: Ribonuclease A. Biopolymers. 2008;90:259C277. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 7. Bl?ser J, Triebel S, Kopp C, Tschesche H. An extremely delicate immunoenzymometric assay for the perseverance of angiogenin. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1993;31:513C516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 8. Moenner M, Gusse M, Hatzi E, Badet J. The wide-spread appearance of angiogenin in various individual cells suggests a natural function not merely linked to angiogenesis. Eur. J. Biochem. 1994;226:483C490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 9. Hu GF, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. A putative angiogenin receptor in angiogenin-responsive individual endothelial cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997;94:2204C2209. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 10. Moroianu J, Riordan JF. Nuclear translocation of angiogenin in proliferating endothelial cells is vital to its angiogenic activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994;91:1677C1681. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 11. Shapiro R, Fox EA, Riordan JF. Function of lysines in individual angiogenin: Chemical adjustment and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry. 1989;28:1726C1732. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 12. Xu ZP, Tsuji T, Riordan JF, Hu GF. The nuclear function of angiogenin in endothelial cells relates to rRNA creation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002;294:287C292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 13. Jimi S, Ito K, Kohno K, Ono M, Kuwano M, Itagaki Y, Ishikawa H. Modulation by bovine angiogenin of tubular morphogenesis and appearance of plasminogen activator in bovine endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1995;211:476C483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 14. Hu G, Riordan JF, Vallee BL. Angiogenin promotes invasiveness of cultured endothelial cells by excitement of cell-associated proteolytic actions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1994;91:12096C12100. [PMC free of charge content] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 15..